Are the poor people in the Bible, whom God says He defends and protects, universally under His protection, or is this promise limited to those who believe in Him? Additionally, what does Matthew 5 mean by “poverty of spirit” when it says, “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven”?

Let’s first address the issue of poverty. Poverty is a consequence of living in a fallen world, and throughout history and Scripture, poverty is often linked to oppression by sinful governments or those with power who fail to share with others. In ancient Israel, God commanded His people to care for the poor—especially those struck by famine, disease, or other hardships. The Law of Moses clearly outlined provisions for helping those in need, so extreme poverty was meant to be avoided among the people.

This principle extends to the church today. We are called to help and support one another, without class distinctions. The book of James warns against favoritism towards the wealthy, encouraging us instead to share with and show kindness to those with less.

Now, regarding “poverty of spirit” in Matthew 5, consider this analogy: just as financial poverty means having nothing, poverty of spirit means coming to God empty-handed. It is an attitude of complete humility, without pride, self-righteousness, or reliance on supposed “good works.” Poverty of spirit is a vital prerequisite for salvation because we bring nothing to God that He needs or wants. In fact, trying to offer Him our efforts can be offensive, as they fall short of His holiness—like offering dirty water, spoiled food, or ragged clothing.

To be “poor in spirit” is to approach God with nothing but our sin and a desire for forgiveness. And what does Jesus promise? “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.”